Because R44 and Alternative Penalties is in effect, it is necessary for a ROW boat to protest a Keep Clear boat so that they are made aware that they may have broken a rule and therefor, have the opportunity to exonerate themselves. Failing to protest denies the keep clear boat of that notice. First question is 'Is a protest by the PRO valid?. Answer is yes, under 60.2.a Second question is who is guilty of what. Given the simple facts, both boats are guilty of breaking several rules, The boat on Port broke R10, The Basic Principles of Sportsmanship, R 3, and R 14. The stbd boat broke Basic Principles, R 3 and R 14. Stbd may be exonerated for breach or R14, but not the other rules broken. Third question is what decision. I would DSQ both boats under the above rules, and also DSQ them under R2 which makes the DSQ non-droppable. If either skipper had been previously guilty of this behaviour (ignoring the Rules), then in addition a R 69 hearing may be appropriate. John John